The five fundamentals of singing are voice, breathing, enunciation, pitch and rhythm. These are the core elements that a singer needs to master for effective vocal production.

Here's a more detailed look at each:

Voice: refers to the overall quality of the sound produced, encompassing tone, resonance, and projection.

Breath regulation: proper breathing, not too little, not too much - supporting the vocal folds and producing a vibrant, controlled sound.

Enunciation:  Sometimes refered to as diction, and refers to how we use the facial muscles (including the tongue, lips, jaw and other muscles on and in the face) to allow optimal sound vibrations be shaped into words within the melody.

Pitch: refers to the highness or lowness of a note, and accurate pitch is crucial for resonant  singing with ease. Singing even slightly off-center of the pitch can create tension in the voice.

Rhythm: involves the organization of sounds in time, and a solid sense of beat, accents, and phrasing helps to stablize and free the singing voice.